Title: Akkadian Study Guide
Tags: Akkadian Akkadian::Lesson3 Akkadian::Vocabulary

Front: What is the name of each consonant in a root?
Back: radical
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the name for sequence of radicals that makes up the foundation of a word?
Back: root
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the full name of the G-stem?
Back: Grundstamm
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is an infinitive?
Back: A declinable noun based on the verbal root, dictionary form of the verb
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What are the plural forms of the infinitive?
Back: Trick question, they do not exist.
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the infinitive pattern?
Back: parās + noun endings
Notes: šakānum, šakānim
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the usual way to translate the infinitive?
Back: as a gerund
Notes: wardum ina šakānim ša ḫurāṣim imqut
The slave fell when stealing the gold.
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the characteristic of active-transitive verbs?
Back: take a direct object
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the characteristic of the active-intransitive verbs?
Back: do not take a direct object
Notes: often verbs of motion
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the characteristic of stative/adjectival verbs?
Back: to be or become X
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What are the three semantic categories of Akkadian verbs
Back: Active-transitive
Active-intransitive
Stative
Notes: Note: some verbs can be in more than one category
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the root pattern of the G-Preterite verb?
Back: R_1R_2VR_3
Notes: V is the theme vowel.
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the characteristic of the theme vowel in G-Preterite?
Back: always short
unpredictable and must be memorized
Notes: iškun > šakānum, išriq > šarāqum, iṣbat > ṣabātum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: Recite the G-Preterite forms.
Back: G Preterite Form
 | Singular | Plural
3m | i— | i—ū
3f | i— | i—ā
2m | ta— | ta—ā
2f | ta—ī | ta—ā
1c | a— | ni—
Notes: - 3ms and 3fs are the same; often referred to as 3cs.
- Same for 2mp and 2fp
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: How is preterite usually translated?
Back: simple past tense
Notes: išriq he stole
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What are the reasons for including the independent pronouns in a clause with a finite verb?
Back: emphasis
enumerate the subject
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: Where do independent pronouns stand in a verbal clause?
Back: At the beginning
Notes: (contra verbless clauses where they stand at the end)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the normal Akkadian word order?
Back: Subject — Direct Object —  Adjunct — Verb
Notes: Adjuncts are all adverbs, prepositional phrases, indirect objects, etc.
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is always last in an Akkadian clause?
Back: verb
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: Where does the verb stand in an Akkadian sentence?
Back: last
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: How do verbs and subjects agree?
Back: gender, number, person
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: How does a verb agree with a dual noun?
Back: Dual nouns take a feminine plural verb
Notes: Even when the subject is masculine.
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What do compound subjects take?
Back: plural verbs
Notes: If any of the subjects is masculine, the verb will be masculine
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What number verb do collective nouns take?
Back: singular or plural
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: Recite the paras G preterite.
Back: Paras Preterite Form
 | Singular | Plural
3m | iprus | iprusū
3f | iprus | iprusā
2m | taprus | taprusā
2f | taprusī | taprusā
1c | aprus | niprus
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: damāqum
Back: to become good/better
to improve/prosper
Notes: infinitive: damāqum
G-preterite: idmiq
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to become good/better
Back: damāqum
Notes: infinitive: damāqum
G-preterite: idmiq
to become good/better
to improve/prosper
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to improve/prosper
Back: damāqum
Notes: infinitive: damāqum
G-preterite: idmiq
to become good/better
to improve/prosper
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: idmiq
Back: to become good/better
to improve/prosper
Notes: infinitive: damāqum
G-preterite: idmiq
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: danānum
Back: to become strong
Notes: infin: danānum
G-preterite: idnin
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: idnin
Back: to become strong
Notes: infin: danānum
G-preterite: idnin
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: ḫalāqum (3)
Back: to disappear, go missing, get lost
to escape
to perish
Notes: infinitive: ḫalāqum
G-preterite: iḫliq
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to disappear, go missing
Back: ḫalaqum
Notes: infinitive: ḫalāqum
G-preterite: iḫliq
to disappear, go missing, get lost
to escape
to perish
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to get lost
Back: ḫalaqum
Notes: infinitive: ḫalāqum
G-preterite: iḫliq
to disappear, go missing, get lost
to escape
to perish
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to escape
Back: ḫalaqum
Notes: infinitive: ḫalāqum
G-preterite: iḫliq
to disappear, go missing, get lost
to escape
to perish
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to perish
Back: ḫalāqum
Notes: infinitive: ḫalāqum
G-preterite: iḫliq
to disappear, go missing, get lost
to escape
to perish
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: kašādum (3)
Back: to arrive
to achieve
to conquer, defeat
Notes: infinitive: kašādum
G-preterite: ikšud
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: ikšud
Back: to arrive
to reach, achieve
to conquer, defeat
Notes: infinitive: kašādum
G-preterite: ikšud
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to arrive
Back: kašādum
Notes: infinitive: kašādum
G-preterite: ikšud
to arrive
to achieve
to conquer, defeat
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to conquer, defeat
Back: kašādum
Notes: infinitive: kašādum
G-preterite: ikšud
to arrive
to achieve
to conquer, defeat
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: maḫāṣum (3)
Back: to strike, hit
to wound
to kill
Notes: infinitive: maḫāṣum
G-preterite: imḫaṣ
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: imḫaṣ
Back: to strike, hit
to wound
to kill
Notes: infinitive: maḫāṣum
G-preterite: imḫaṣ
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to strike, hit
Back: maḫaṣum
Notes: infinitive: maḫāṣum
G-preterite: imḫaṣ
to strike, hit
to wound
to kill
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to wound
Back: maḫaṣum
Notes: infinitive: maḫāṣum
G-preterite: imḫaṣ
to strike, hit
to wound
to kill
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to kill
Back: maḫaṣum
Notes: infinitive: maḫāṣum
G-preterite: imḫaṣ
to strike, hit
to wound
to kill
not to be confused with marāṣum (to become ill)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: maqātum (4)
Back: to fall, collapse
to arrive (news arrives, not people, kašādum for people)
to happen
to fall upon (attack)
Notes: infinitive: maqātum
G-preterite: imqut
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: imqut (4)
Back: to fall, collapse
to arrive (news arrives, not people, kašādum for people)
to happen
to fall upon (attack)
Notes: infinitive: maqātum
G-preterite: imqut
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to fall, collapse
Back: maqātum
Notes: infinitive: maqātum
G-preterite: imqut
to fall, collapse
to arrive (news arrives, not people, kašādum for people)
to happen
to fall upon (attack)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to happen
Back: maqātum
Notes: infinitive: maqātum
G-preterite: imqut
to fall, collapse
to arrive (news arrives, not people, kašādum for people)
to happen
to fall upon (attack)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to fall upon, attack
Back: maqātum
Notes: infinitive: maqātum
G-preterite: imqut
to fall, collapse
to arrive (news arrives, not people, kašādum for people)
to happen
to fall upon (attack)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: marāṣum (3)
Back: to become sick, fall ill
to be in pain
to become troublesome/difficult
Notes: infinitive: marāṣum
G-preterite: imraṣ
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: imrāṣ (3)
Back: to become sick, fall ill
to be in pain
to become troublesome, difficult
Notes: infinitive: marāṣum
G-preterite: imraṣ
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to become sick, fall ill
Back: marāṣum
Notes: infinitive: marāṣum
G-preterite: imraṣ
to become sick, fall ill
to be in pain
to become troublesome/difficult
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to be in pain
Back: marāṣum
Notes: infinitive: marāṣum
G-preterite: imraṣ
to become sick, fall ill
to be in pain
to become troublesome/difficult
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to become troublesome/difficult
Back: marāṣum
Notes: infinitive: marāṣum
G-preterite: imraṣ
to become sick, fall ill
to be in pain
to become troublesome/difficult
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: libbum marāṣum
Back: idiom: to become annoyed
Notes: note: libbum is subject
libbum ša šarrim imraṣ > the king became annoyed (the heart of the king became troubled)
marāṣum: to become sick, fall ill, be troubled
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: rapāšum
Back: to become wide, broad
Notes: infinitive: rapāšum
G-preterite: irpiš
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: irpiš
Back: to become wide, broad
Notes: infinitive: rapāšum
G-preterite: irpiš
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to become wide, broad
Back: rapāšum
Notes: infinitive: rapāšum
G-preterite: irpiš
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: ṣabātum
Back: to sieze, take hold of, arrest
Notes: infinitive: ṣabātum
G-preterite: iṣbat
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: iṣbat
Back: to sieze, take hold of, arrest
Notes: infinitive: ṣabātum
G-preterite: iṣbat
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to sieze, take hold of, arrest
Back: ṣabātum
Notes: infinitive: ṣabātum
G-preterite: iṣbat
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: šakānum (3)
Back: to place, set, put
to establish
to appoint
Notes: infinitive: šakānum
G-preterite: iškun
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: iškun (3)
Back: to place, set, put
to establish
to appoint
Notes: infinitive: šakānum
G-preterite: iškun
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to place, set, put
Back: šakānum
Notes: infinitive: šakānum
G-preterite: iškun
to place, set, put
to establish
to appoint
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to establish
Back: šakānum
Notes: infinitive: šakānum
G-preterite: iškun
to place, set, put
to establish
to appoint
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to appoint
Back: šakānum
Notes: infinitive: šakānum
G-preterite: iškun
to place, set, put
to establish
to appoint
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: šarāqum
Back: to steal
Notes: infinitive: šarāqum
G-preterite: išriq
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: išriq
Back: to steal
Notes: infinitive: šarāqum
G-preterite: išriq
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to steal
Back: šarāqum
Notes: infinitive: šarāqum
G-preterite: išriq
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: awīlum (2)
Back: human being, person
free man, grown man
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: human being, person
Back: awīlum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: free man, grown man
Back: awīlum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: mātum
Back: country, native land
land
Notes: plural (fem) mātātum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: country, native land
Back: mātum
Notes: plural (fem) mātātum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: land
Back: mātum
Notes: plural (fem) mātātum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: mātātum
Back: plural (fem) of mātum
country, native land
land
Notes: plural (fem) mātātum
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: What is the plural of mātum?
Back: mātātum
Notes: country, native land
land
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: qātum (2)
Back: hand
care, charge, responsibility
Notes: fem
qātātum = guarantee, pledge
common word with several idioms:
qātam ṣabātum to help
qātam šakānum ana <infin> to begin to <infin>
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: qātātum
Back: guarantee, pledge
Notes: plural of qātum
qātum = hand, charge, care, responsibility
common word with several idioms:
qātam ṣabātum to help
qātam šakānum ana <infin> to begin to <infin>
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: qātam ṣabātum
Back: to help
lit: to sieze the hand
Notes: common word with several idioms:
qātam ṣabātum to help
qātam šakānum ana <infin> to begin to <infin>
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: qātam šakānum ana <infin>
Back: to begin to <infin>
lit: to put the hand to <infin>
Notes: common word with several idioms:
qātam ṣabātum to help
qātam šakānum ana <infin> to begin to <infin>
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: šarrāqum
Back: thief
Notes: cf šarāqum (to steal)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: thief
Back: šarrāqum
Notes: cf šarāqum (to steal)
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: eli (5)
Back: on, upon
over, above
towards
against
more than
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: on, upon
Back: eli
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: over, above
Back: eli
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: towards
Back: eli
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: against
Back: eli
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: more than
Back: eli
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: to become strong
Back: danānum
Notes: infin: danānum
G-preterite: idnin
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: What is the meaning of ana + infin?
Back: in order to
Notes: ana: to, for, at
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3

Front: What is the meaning of ina + infin?
Back: when, while, by
Notes: ina: in, among, by, with, from
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard 3