Title: Akkadian Study Guide
Tags: Akkadian Akkadian::Lesson4 Akkadian::Vocabulary Custom
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: What is the rule for two light syllables next to each other in the same word?
Back: The second syncopates (vowel is omitted).
Notes: **napišātum > napšātum
Exceptions can occur:
- at the end of a word (most often prepositions) eg. ina
- before a vowel (rabiam)
- before r and l (zikarum, ubilū)
- other exceptions less frequently

Front: Where is an attributive adjectives positioned relative to the noun it modifies?
Back: after it
Notes: šarrū dannūtum mighty kings

Front: How do attributive adjectives agree with the noun they modify?
Back: gender, number, case

Front: When an adjective modifies a compound antecedent, what are the rules for agreement? (2 answers)
Back: always plural
a mixed gender antecedent, always gets a masculine adjective

Front: What are the masculine plural adjective endings?
Back: -ūtum
-ūtim

Front: What are the dual adjective endings?
Back: Trick question; there are no dual adjectives.
Notes: Dual nouns take feminine plural adjectives.

Front: What is the typical "voice" of G Verbal Adjectives?
Back: generally passive
Notes: i.e. “to strike” (maḫaṣum) becomes “struck” (maḫṣum), not “striking”

Front: What is the pattern of G Verbal Adjectives?
Back: parVs+adj. endings (R_1aR_2VR_3), where V is a short vowel
Notes: - most of the time V is i; must be memorized when not i
- V is only visible in the feminine singular due to Vowel Syncope (above)
- V is not necessarily the same as the theme vowel

Front: Recite the G Verbal Adjective for damāqum.
Back: | Masc | Fem
Nom S | damqum | damiqtum
Gen S | damqim | damiqtim
Acc S | damqam | damiqtam
Nom P | damqūtum | damqātum
Gen/Acc P | damqūtim | damqātim

Front: What is ul(a)?
Back: negates the predicate of a main clause
Notes: - Placed immediately before the verb. (ḫuraṣam ina bītim ul aṣbat)
- If no verb, placed immediately before predicate. (ul šarrum ša Bābilim šu)

Front: balāṭum (3)
Back: to live
to be healthy
to get well, recover
Notes: infin: balāṭum
g preterite: ibluṭ

Front: gamārum (4)
Back: to bring to an end
to annihilate
to use up
to settle
Notes: infin: gamārum
g preterite: igmur
verbal adj base: gamir-

Front: kanākum
Back: to seal, to place under a seal
Notes: infin: kanākum
g preterite: iknuk
verbal adj base: kanik-

Front: maḫārum (3)
Back: to accept, receive
to approach, meet
to confront
Notes: infin: maḫārum
g preterite: imḫur
verbal adj base: maḫir-

Front: šalāmum (4)
Back: to become whole, sound, well
to recover
to arrive safely
to succeed/prosper
Notes: infin: šalāmum
g preterite: išlim
verbal adj base: šalim-

Front: aḫum
Back: brother

Front: alpum
Back: ox

Front: eṭlum
Back: young man, youth
Notes: pl (like an adj) eṭlūtum

Front: kakkum
Back: weapon

Front: napištum (5)
Back: life, vigor, good health
person
personel
self
throat
Notes: pl napšātum

Front: šamnum
Back: oil, fat

Front: šikarum
Back: beer

Front: damqum
Back: good
beautiful
favorable
Notes: infin: damāqum

Front: damiqtum (3)
Back: goodness
favor, luck
fame
Notes: fem of damqum
infin: damāqum

Front: dannum
Back: strong, solid
mighty, powerful
fortified
fierce
severe
urgent
Notes: infin: danānum
adj base: dann-

Front: dannatum (3)
Back: famine
fortress
military service
Notes: fem of dannum
infin: danānum
adj base: dann-

Front: ḫalqum (2)
Back: escaped
missing, lost
Notes: infin: ḫalāqum

Front: kašdum (3)
Back: successful
conquered
having arrived, available
Notes: infin: kašādum

Front: maqtum (2)
Back: fallen
collapsed, in ruins
Notes: infin: maqātum

Front: marṣum
Back: sick, ill
diseased
painful
difficult
Notes: infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ

Front: maruštum
Back: difficulty, hardship, trouble
Notes: fem of marṣum
pl marṣātum
infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ

Front: nakarum
Back: hostile
foreign
Notes: alt forms: nakirum, nakrum
pl: nak(a/i)rū
infin: nakārum (21)

Front: rapšum
Back: wide, broad
Notes: infin: rapāšum
adj base: rapaš-
idiom: uznum rapšum (great intelligence)

Front: ṣabtum (3)
Back: seized
deposited
captive, prisoner
Notes: infin: ṣabātum

Front: šaknum (6)
Back: placed
located
present
established, appointed
endowed, provided
governor
Notes: infin: šakānum

Front: šarqum
Back: stolen
Notes: infin: šarāqum

Front: ṭabum
Back: pleasant, pleasing
sweet, fine
good
Notes: infin: ṭiabum (9)

Front: ul
Back: not
Notes: less often ula

Front: ula
Back: not
Notes: more often ul

Front: good, sweet, fine
Back: ṭabum
Notes: pleasant, pleasing
sweet, fine
good
infin: ṭiabum (9)

Front: sweet, fine
Back: ṭabum
Notes: pleasant, pleasing
sweet, fine
good
infin: ṭiabum (9)

Front: pleasant, pleasing
Back: ṭabum
Notes: pleasant, pleasing
sweet, fine
good
infin: ṭiabum (9)

Front: stolen
Back: šarqum
Notes: infin: šarāqum

Front: What is the infinitive of ṭabum?
Back: ṭiabum
Notes: pleasant, pleasing
sweet, fine
good

Front: What is the infinitive of šarqum?
Back: šarāqum
Notes: stolen

Front: placed, located
Back: šaknum
Notes: infin: šakānum
placed
located
present
established, appointed
endowed, provided
governor

Front: established, appointed
Back: šaknum
Notes: infin: šakānum
placed
located
present
established, appointed
endowed, provided
governor

Front: endowed, provided
Back: šaknum
Notes: infin: šakānum
placed
located
present
established, appointed
endowed, provided
governor

Front: governor
Back: šaknum
Notes: infin: šakānum
placed
located
present
established, appointed
endowed, provided
governor

Front: What is the infinitive of šaknum?
Back: šakānum
Notes: placed
located
present
established, appointed
endowed, provided
governor

Front: seized
Back: ṣabtum
Notes: infin: ṣabātum
siezed
deposited
captive, prisoner

Front: deposited
Back: ṣabtum
Notes: infin: ṣabātum
seized
deposited
captive, prisoner

Front: captive, prisoner
Back: ṣabtum
Notes: infin: ṣabātum
seized
deposited
captive, prisoner

Front: What is the infinitive of ṣabtum?
Back: ṣabātum
Notes: seized
deposited
captive, prisoner

Front: wide, broad
Back: rapšum
Notes: infin: rapāšum
adj base: rapaš-
idiom: uznum rapšum (great intelligence)

Front: What is the infinitive of rapšum?
Back: rapāšum
Notes: wide, broad
adj base: rapaš-
idiom: uznum rapšum (great intelligence)

Front: What is the adjective base of rapāšum?
Back: rapaš-
Notes: wide, broad

Front: uznum rapšum
Back: idiom: great intelligence
lit: wide ear

Front: What are the adjectival forms of nakārum?
Back: nakarum
nakirum
nakrum
Notes: pl: nak(a/i)rū
hostile
foreign

Front: hostile
Back: nakarum
nakirum
nakrum
Notes: pl: nak(a/i)rū
hostile
foreign

Front: foreign
Back: nakarum
nakirum
nakrum
Notes: pl: nak(a/i)rū
hostile
foreign

Front: What is the infinitive form of nakarum?
Back: nakārum
Notes: pl: nak(a/i)rū
hostile
foreign

Front: What is the inifinitive form of nakirum?
Back: nakārum
Notes: pl: nak(a/i)rū
hostile
foreign

Front: What is the inifinitive form of nakrum?
Back: nakārum
Notes: pl: nak(a/i)rū
hostile
foreign

Front: difficulty, hardship, trouble
Back: maruštum
Notes: fem of marṣum
pl marṣātum
infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ

Front: What is the feminine adjective of marāṣum?
Back: maruštum
Notes: fem of marṣum
pl marṣātum
infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ

Front: What is the infinitive form of maruštum?
Back: marāṣum
Notes: fem of marṣum
pl marṣātum
infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ

Front: What is the infinitive of marṣum?
Back: marāṣum
Notes: infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ

Front: sick, ill
Back: marṣum
Notes: infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ
sick, ill
diseased
painful
difficult

Front: diseased
Back: marṣum
Notes: infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ
sick, ill
diseased
painful
difficult

Front: painful
Back: marṣum
Notes: infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ
sick, ill
diseased
painful
difficult

Front: difficult
Back: marṣum
Notes: infin: marāṣum
adj base: maruṣ
sick, ill
diseased
painful
difficult

Front: fallen
Back: maqtum
Notes: infin: maqātum
fallen
collapsed, in ruins

Front: collapsed, in ruins
Back: maqtum
Notes: infin: maqātum
fallen
collapsed, in ruins

Front: What is the infinitive of maqtum?
Back: maqātum
Notes: infin: maqātum
fallen
collapsed, in ruins

Front: successful
Back: kašdum
Notes: infin: kašādum
successful
conquered
having arrived, available

Front: conquered
Back: kašdum
Notes: infin: kašādum
successful
conquered
having arrived, available

Front: having arrived
Back: kašdum
Notes: infin: kašādum
successful
conquered
having arrived, available

Front: available
Back: kašdum
Notes: infin: kašādum
successful
conquered
having arrived, available

Front: What is the infinitive form of kašdum?
Back: kašādum
Notes: successful
conquered
having arrived, available

Front: escaped
Back: ḫalqum
Notes: infin: ḫalāqum
escaped
missing, lost

Front: missing, lost
Back: ḫalqum
Notes: infin: ḫalāqum
escaped
missing, lost

Front: What is the infinitive of ḫalqum?
Back: ḫalāqum
Notes: infin: ḫalāqum
escaped
missing, lost

Front: famine
Back: dannatum
Notes: fem of dannum
infin: danānum
adj base: dann-
famine
fortress

Front: fortress
Back: dannatum
Notes: fem of dannum
infin: danānum
adj base: dann-
famine
fortress

Front: strong, solid, mighty, powerful
Back: dannum
Notes: infin: danānum
adj base: dann-
strong, solid
mighty, powerful
fortified
fierce
severe
urgent

Front: fortified
Back: dannum
Notes: infin: danānum
adj base: dann-
strong, solid
mighty, powerful
fortified
fierce
severe
urgent

Front: urgent
Back: dannum
Notes: infin: danānum
adj base: dann-
strong, solid
mighty, powerful
fortified
fierce
severe
urgent

Front: What is the infinitive of dannum?
Back: danānum
Notes: infin: danānum
adj base: dann-
strong, solid
mighty, powerful
fortified
fierce
severe
urgent

Front: goodness
Back: damiqtum
Notes: fem of damqum
infin: damāqum
goodness
favor, luck
fame

Front: favor, luck
Back: damiqtum
Notes: fem of damqum
infin: damāqum
goodness
favor, luck
fame

Front: fame
Back: damiqtum
Notes: fem of damqum
infin: damāqum
goodness
favor, luck
fame

Front: good, beautiful, favorable
Back: damqum
Notes: infin: damāqum
good
beautiful
favorable

Front: beautiful
Back: damqum
Notes: infin: damāqum
good
beautiful
favorable

Front: What is the infinitive of damqum?
Back: damāqum
Notes: infin: damāqum
good
beautiful
favorable

Front: beer
Back: šikarum

Front: oil, fat
Back: šamnum

Front: life, vigor, good health
Back: napištum
Notes: life, vigor, good health
person
personel
self
throat

Front: personel
Back: napištum
Notes: life, vigor, good health
person
personel
self
throat

Front: self
Back: napištum
Notes: life, vigor, good health
person
personel
self
throat

Front: throat
Back: napištum
Notes: life, vigor, good health
person
personel
self
throat

Front: weapon
Back: kakkum

Front: young man, youth
Back: eṭlum

Front: ox
Back: alpum

Front: brother
Back: aḫum

Front: šalmum
Back: whole, sound, well, safe
Notes: ifin: šalāmum

Front: What is the infinitive of šalmum?
Back: šalāmum
Notes: whole, sound, well, safe

Front: to become whole, sound, well
Back: šalāmum
Notes: to become whole, sound, well
to recover
to arrive safely
to succeed/prosper
to be completed

Front: to succeed/prosper
Back: šalāmum
Notes: to become whole, sound, well
to recover
to arrive safely
to succeed/prosper
to be completed

Front: to be completed
Back: šalāmum
Notes: to become whole, sound, well
to recover
to arrive safely
to succeed/prosper
to be completed

Front: to accept, receive
Back: maḫārum
Notes: to accept, receive
to approach, meet
to confront

Front: to approach, meet
Back: maḫārum
Notes: to accept, receive
to approach, meet
to confront

Front: to confront
Back: maḫārum
Notes: to accept, receive
to approach, meet
to confront

Front: What is the infinitive of maḫrum?
Back: maḫārum
Notes: to accept, receive
to approach, meet
to confront

Front: maḫrum
Back: received
Notes: infin: maḫārum

Front: received
Back: maḫrum
Notes: infin: maḫārum

Front: to seal, to place under a seal
Back: kanākum

Front: What is the infinitive of kankum?
Back: kanākum
Notes: sealed

Front: sealed
Back: kankum
Notes: infin: kanākum

Front: kankum
Back: sealed
Notes: infin: kanākum

Front: to bring to an end
Back: gamārum
Notes: to bring to an end
to annihilate
to use up
to settle

Front: to annihilate
Back: gamārum
Notes: to bring to an end
to annihilate
to use up
to settle

Front: to use up
Back: gamārum
Notes: to bring to an end
to annihilate
to use up
to settle

Front: to settle
Back: gamārum
Notes: to bring to an end
to annihilate
to use up
to settle

Front: gamrum (2)
Back: finished, settled
complete, entire
Notes: infin: gamārum
may follow another adj (šamnum ṭābum gamrum the entire (amount of) fine oil)

Front: finished, settled
Back: gamrum
Notes: infin: gamārum
may follow another adj (šamnum ṭābum gamrum the entire (amount of) fine oil)
finished, settled
complete, entire

Front: complete, entire
Back: gamrum
Notes: infin: gamārum
may follow another adj (šamnum ṭābum gamrum the entire (amount of) fine oil)
finished, settled
complete, entire

Front: What is the infinitive of gamrum
Back: gamārum
Notes: may follow another adj (šamnum ṭābum gamrum the entire (amount of) fine oil)
finished, settled
complete, entire

Front: to live
Back: balāṭum
Notes: to live
to be healthy
to get well, recover

Front: to be healthy
Back: balāṭum
Notes: to live
to be healthy
to get well, recover

Front: balṭum
Back: alive
healthy
safe
Notes: infin: balāṭum

Front: alive
Back: balṭum
Notes: infin: balāṭum
alive
healthy
safe

Front: healthy
Back: balṭum
Notes: infin: balāṭum
alive
healthy
safe

Front: safe
Back: balṭum
Notes: infin: balāṭum
alive
healthy
safe

Front: What is the infinitive of balṭum?
Back: balāṭum
Notes: alive
healthy
safe

Front: ibluṭ
Back: g pret of balātum
Notes: to live
to be healthy
to get well, recover

Front: igmur
Back: g pret of gamārum
Notes: to bring to an end
to annihilate
to use up
to settle

Front: iknuk
Back: g pret of kanākum
Notes: to seal, to place under a seal

Front: imḫur
Back: g pret of maḫārum
Notes: to accept, receive
to approach, meet
to confront

Front: išlim
Back: g pret of šalāmum
Notes: to become whole, sound, well
to recover
to arrive safely
to succeed/prosper