Title: Akkadian Study Guide
Tags: Akkadian Akkadian::Lesson7
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
Resource: A Grammar Of Akkadian Third Edition by John Huehnergard

Front: i often changes to what other vowel?
Back: e
Notes: generally before r and h

Front: When does i change to e?
Back: generally before r and h

Front: What two vowels do not like to exist in the same word?
Back: a and e

Front: What letter changes when a and e are in the same word?
Back: a changes to e
Notes: *bēlātum > bēlētum
Exceptions: There are a number of precise rules, but the gist is that if it is part of an ending or connection to an ending, the a is unchanged.

Front: What is the exception to the a to e change?
Back: If the a is part of an ending or connection to an ending, the a is generally unchanged.

Front: What is a III-weak verb?
Back: Lacks the final radical.
Notes: Because it is an ʾ1-7

Front: In forming III-weak verbs, if the word would have ended in the third radical, what happens?
Back: nothing, end in the vowel
Notes: 1. If the form would have ended with the third radical, nothing happens (end in the vowel).
2. If the form would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel.
3. If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.

Front: In forming III-weak verbs, if the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, what happens?
Back: nothing, end in the vowel
cf iprus & ibni
Notes: - If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: In forming III-weak verbs, if the third radical would have occurred before a consonant, what happens?
Back: lengthen the vowel
cf damiqtum & banītum
Notes: - If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: In forming III-weak verbs, if the third radical would have a vocalic ending, what happens?
Back: follow the vowel lengthening rules
cf iprusū & ibnû
Notes: - If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: Recite the G-infinitive for banûm.
Back: banūm
N | banûm
G | banêm
A | banâm
Notes: Remember that infinitives have no plural in Akkadian.
III-weak G verbs changes
- If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: Recite the G-preterite for banûm.
Back: banûm (III-i) G Preterite Form
 | Singular | Plural
3m | ibni | ibnû
3f | ibni | ibniā
2m | tabni | tabniā
2f | tabnî | tabniā
1c | abni | nibni
Notes: Form is slightly different but analogous for III-a, III-e, and III-u.
III-weak G verbs changes
- If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: Recite the G verbal adjective masculine for banûm.
Back: rabûm (Stem rabi-)
 | Masc | Fem
Nom S | rabûm | rabītum
Gen S | rabîm | rabītim
Acc S | rabiam | rabītam
Nom P | rabûtum | rabiātum
Gen/Acc P | rabûtim | rabiātim
Notes: Form is slightly different but analogous for III-a, III-e, and III-u.
III-weak G verbs changes
- If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: Recite the G verbal adjective feminine for banûm.
Back: rabûm (Stem rabi-)
 | Masc | Fem
Nom S | rabûm | rabītum
Gen S | rabîm | rabītim
Acc S | rabiam | rabītam
Nom P | rabûtum | rabiātum
Gen/Acc P | rabûtim | rabiātim
Notes: Form is slightly different but analogous for III-a, III-e, and III-u.
III-weak G verbs changes
- If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). cf iprus & ibni
- If the third radical would have occured before a consonant, lengthen the vowel. cf damiqtum & banītum
- If the form would have a vocalic ending, follow the vowel lengthening rules.
cf iprusū & ibnû

Front: How is u used?
Back: "and" "but"
joins two equal parts

Front: How is -ma used?
Back: "and" "but"
subordinates the first clause to the second
Notes: some assimilation/lengthening can happen when joined to the word:
- if attached to a vowel, lengthens the vowel
- if attached to n, the n usually assimilates to the m
  - rarely also happens with b and p

Front: -ma u
Back: "and also"
Notes: some assimilation/lengthening can happen when -ma joined to the word:
- if attached to a vowel, lengthens the vowel
- if attached to n, the n usually assimilates to the m
  - rarely also happens with b and p

Front: ū
Back: "or"
Notes: u and ū indistinguishable in writing system
ū and lū can becombined in various ways for either...or

Front: lū
Back: "or"
Notes: u and ū indistinguishable in writing system
ū and lū can becombined in various ways for either...or

Front: What is asyndeton?
Back: joining two clauses together without a coordinator.