Anki

This is a quick tool for helping you memorize Bible Verses or really any text. I use this as part of the process for memorizing verses, catechism, poems, or any text I want to remember before I put them in Anki. Anki is great for memorizing things that you already have a handle on. You don’t want to use it to learn a verse from scratch. This tool helps to gradually learn the text by removing parts until you can type the whole thing. It’s a quick and dirty solution, but gets the job done. ...

Preface I appreciate the focus on learning to read and write. Seeems to have a rigorous approach to learning the language at a deeper level. In general, this is a good thing. Language learning has been reduced to a lowest common denominator. The focus is not on learning the language in order to read, but learning the language enough to read a technical commentary. Pastors should have a deep understanding of their field. They should know their bibles, from the languages through to NT and OT issues, and up to theology and applied studies. The fundamentals of the languages are really important. ...

What These are my guides for anything Greek related. I’ll throw resources in here and try to keep it somewhat organized as I go. As always, use the Greek tag to find all the posts. Grammars I occasionally work through different Greek grammars. I used Black’s in seminary. I taught through Mounce’s at one point. Schwandt’s Grammar Notes It’s been a while and my greek is getting rusty, so I am working through Schwandt’s An Introduction To Biblical Greek A Grammar. I picked this one because I already had it in Logos, and I appreciate most things by Lexham Press. ...

What These are all of my study guides for my Latin studies. I’ve used a number of sources: Wheelock’s Latin Learn to Read Latin Lingua Latina Goals Throw together my own personal notes, charts, and anki decks. Non Goals Create a systematic set of notes. Map to a particular grammar. No attempt at comprehensiveness. Use the Latin tag to find all related notes.

Sound Changes i > e Before the consonants r and h, i could change to e. This is inconsistent (cf. nakirum, nakerum, nakrum) a > e a and e vowels would not exist in the same word. The a would become an e. *bēlātum > bēlētum Exceptions: There are a number of precise rules, but the gist is that if it is part of an ending or connection to an ending, the a is unchanged. III-weak G Verbs III-weak verbs are verbs that are missing the third radical. (It has dropped out.) Basic rules for forming the verb: If the third radical would have occurred after a vowel, nothing happens (end in the vowel). ...

Injunctives There are four tenses that together make up the injunctive “tense” (commands and wishes): Imperative 2nd person commands Precative 1st and 3rd person commands/wishes (jussive) Prohibitive negative commands Vetitive negative wishes G Imperative Commands in the second person The Imperative is never used with a negative adverb. (Use Prohibitive below.) Essential form is the G preterite without the prefix In most words, the theme vowel is inserted between the first two radicals. ...

Assimilation of n n nearly always assimilates to the following consonant the following consonant then doubles (called compensatory lengthening) nC1 > C1C1 The verbal adjective of šakānum is šaknum. In the feminine singular, it is **šakintum > šakittum. Exceptions: frequently, verbal adjectives with a second radical of n Sumerian loan words Assimilation before Feminine Marker t d and ṭ completely assimilate with the accompanying compensatory lengthening (e.g. **kašidtum > kašittum) sibilants (s, ṣ, z) become š exceptions are rare Weak Verbs Weak verbs contain one or more radicals that are prone to phonological change. Weak verbs identified with a Roman numeral and the weak consonant e.g. I-n, identifies a verb with a first radical of n The weak radicals are ʾ, y, n, w. n assimilates anywhere (not just verbs). ʾ, y, w generally only adjust in verbs. The generic designation “-weak”, refers to the consonants ʾ, w, y. G Preterite I-n Verbs always assimilate due to n always being followed by a consonant Verbal adjective and Infinitive are always regular due to n always being followed by a vowel. nadānum G Preterite Form Singular Plural 3m iddin iddinū 3f iddin iddinā 2m taddin taddinā 2f taddinī taddinā 1c addin niddin Verb Semantics Double Accusatives: some Akkadian verbs take two direct objects. Rarely occurs in English (She taught him Akkadian.) More common but still not frequent in Akkadian. Pay attention to the vocabulary entries to identify which verbs take a double accusative. Prepositions: prepositions can have particular meaning with (certain) verbs. Pay attention to the vocabulary. ina, normally instrumental or locative, can have the sense of “from” with verbs (amtum ina bītim iḫliq “the slave escaped from the house”, not “the slave escaped in/with the house”) ina qātim ša not “in the hand of” but “from the hand of” Anki Deck ...

Vowel Syncope Two light syllables cannot stand immediately next to one another. If two stand next to each other, the second is syncopated (the vowel is omitted). eg. **napišātum > napšātum Exceptions can occur: at the end of a word (most often prepositions) eg. ina before a vowel (rabiam) before r and l (zikarum, ubilū) other exceptions less frequently Adjectives Attributive Adjective Endings are the same as nouns. Exceptions: masculine plural endings are -ūtum, -ūtim no dual adjectives; dual nouns take a feminine plural adjective Directly modify a noun (mighty kings) Follow the modified noun (šarrū dannūtum, mighty kings) Agree with the noun in gender, number, case Can modify more than one noun (compound antecedent) takes a plural adjective (abum u mārum dannūtum, the mighty father and son) mixed gender takes a masculine adjective (abum u ummum dannūtum, the mighty father and mother) Substantizing Adjectives Any adjective can be used as a noun. In the masculine plural, the noun (-um/im) or adjective (-ūtum/ūtim) endings may be used. Feminine singular may be used as an abstract noun (eg. damqum = “the good man”, but damiqtum = “goodness”) The G Verbal Adjective Many adjectives are formed from the verbal root. not all verbal roots have attested verbal adjectives more rarely vice versa meaning is related to the verbal root in a generally passive manner (i.e. “to strike” (maḫaṣum) becomes “struck” (maḫṣum), not “striking”) The G verbal adjective pattern is parVs (R1aR2VR3), where V is a short vowel. most of the time V is i; must be memorized when not i V is only visible in the feminine singular due to Vowel Syncope (above) V is not necessarily the same as the theme vowel Damāqum (Stem Damiq-) Masc Fem nom s damqum damiqtum Gen S damqim damiqtim Acc S damqam damiqtam Nom P damqūtum damqātum Gen/Acc P damqūtim damqātim ul(a) Negates the predicate of a main clause Placed immediately before the verb. (ḫuraṣam ina bītim ul aṣbat) If no verb, placed immediately before predicate. (ul šarrum ša Bābilim šu) Anki Deck ...

The Semantic Root Semitic languages are built on a consonantal root pattern. Generally there are three consonants that form the basis for many derivatives. Each consonant is called a radical. The sequence of radicals is called the root. Derivatives are formed with vowel patterns, prefixes, suffixes, and duplication. p-r-s is the traditional paradigmatic root. sometimes R1R2R3 and V are used instead. Verbs Verb Semantics Active-transitive: take a direct object Active-intransitive: do not take a direct object often verbs of motion Stative (adjectival): to be X or to become X Note: some verbs can be in more than one category. ...

Nouns Noun Endings singular dual plural (m) plural (f) nominative —um —ān —ū —ātum genitive —im —īn —ī —ātim accusative —am Technically the feminine endings are —um, —im, but the āt infix (see below) is perfectly regular. Case nominative: subjects, nominal predicates genitive: possession, noun-noun modification, after prepositions accusative: direct object, adverbial expressions oblique: the combined genitive/accusative case is sometimes referred to as oblique Gender There are two genders: masculine and feminine. Feminine is generally marked out by a t infix. For phonological reasons, the t can be preceeded by an a when the base ends in two consonants. (See syllable rules in chapter 1.) e.g. iltum, šarratum Exceptions: Some nouns that look masculine are feminine and vice versa. Some nouns that are masculine in the singular are feminine in the plural. But all singular feminine nouns are feminine in the plural. Some nouns are variable gender. Masculine is the common plural. Exceptions need to be memorized. Number There are three numbers: singular, dual, plural. Singular End in m (mimation) Dual The dual indicates precisely two and is usully confined to natural pairs (eg, eyes) Genitive and accusative have the same form end in n (nunation) Adjectives, verbs, and pronouns do not have dual forms (in OB). Dual nouns have feminine plural agreement with adjectives and verbs (rarely take masculine plural). Plural Genitive and accusative have the same form. In the masculine, the ending is a macron-long version of the singular vowel ending. (um > ū, im > ī) In the feminine, the t infix is always accompanied with a ā (-āt-) In the feminine, end in m (mimation) Some words occur only in plural. “Collectives” are collective nouns that describe groups and can be construed in singular or plural (e.g. ṣābum: singular= worker, solder; collective= gang, troop) Miscellaneous There is no definite or indefinite marker. Context determines. Final -m is called mimation Final -n is called nunation Prepositions Most prepositions are two-syllable words ending in a short vowel. Nouns following prepositions are always in the genitive. ša ša means “the one of” usually occurs in apposition to a preceeding noun the following noun appears in the genitive eg šarrum ša Bābilim (king of Babylon) Independent Personal Pronouns Singular Plural 1c anāku ‘I’ nīnu ‘we’ 2m atta ‘you (ms)’ attunu ‘you (mp)’ 2f atti ‘you (fs)’ attina ‘you (fp)’ 3m šū ‘he, it (m)’ šunu ‘they (m)’ 3f šī ‘she, it (f)’ šina ‘they (f)’ Used in subjects of verbless clauses (see more uses in Chapter 3) Verbless Clauses No being verb in Akkadian. ...